Plant Viruses and Disease Management
Plant Viruses are type of viruses that specifically invade plants. Viruses are obligate parasites that require a living host for their growth and multiplication. Viruses enter the plant cell through plasmodesmata and to various plant parts by the phloem. Plant Viruses are made up of two components a protein coat and the nucleic acid center. The nucleic acid is the major infectious component of a virus, once the virus enters the plant cell they shed their protein coat and multiplies by itself. Plants and humans do not transmit viruses to each other, but through physical contact human can spread plant virus infection. Viruses may also spread through infected seeds, grafting, wind, splashing, pollination, and dripping sap.
Unlike human beings, plant cell cannot recover viral infection in their lifecycle. Plant viruses cause major damage to the farmer’s economy by affecting on crop yield. Viruses cause an estimated of US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year. The first virus to be discovered was Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Plant viruses are grouped into 73 genera and 49 families.
Plant Viruses Transmission
Plant cells are made up of rigid cell wall and viruses cannot penetrate them easily so viruses transmitted through
- Insects: Insects acts as a vector group for the Plant virus transmission.
- Aphids, B. Whiteflies, C. Hoppers, D. Thrips
- Nematodes
- Mites
Types Of Viral Diseases In Plants
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Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Host/crop- Tobacco, Pepper, Potato, Tomato, Eggplant, Cucumber and Petunia
Transmitting agent- Insects or other physical damage
Symptoms - Discoloration of leaves.
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Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
Host/crop - Cucumber, Tomato, Peppers, Melons, Squash, Spinach, Celery, Beet and other plants.
Transmitting agent- Aphids
Symptoms - Twisting in young leaves that stunts growth of the entire plant and causes poor fruit or leaf production.
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Barley Yellow Dwarf
Host/crop- Grains and staple crops, including wheat
Transmitting agent- Aphids
Symptoms - Discoloration of leaves and the tips of the plants, which reduce photosynthesis, stunts growth and decreases production of seed grains.
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Bud Blight
Host/crop - Soybeans
Transmitting agent- - Nematode
Symptoms - Stem to bend at the top and the buds to turn brown and drop off the plant.
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Sugarcane Mosaic Virus
Host/crop - Sugarcane
Transmitting agent- Aphids and infected seeds
Symptoms - Discolors leaves stunts the growth of young plants.
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Lettuce Mosaic Virus
Host/crop - Lettuce
Transmitting agent- Aphids and infected seeds
Symptoms - Mottles the leaves of lettuce, stunting its growth and eliminating its market appeal.
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Maize Mosaic Virus
Host/crop - Maize
Transmitting agent- Leafhoppers
Symptoms - Yellow spots and stripes on the leaves of corn, stunting its growth.
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Peanut Stunt Virus
Host/crop - Peanut
Transmitting agent- Aphids and sap
Symptoms - Discoloration and distortion of the leaves of peanuts and some other rhizomes, stunting their growth.
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Leaf curl Virus
Host/crop - Cotton, Papaya, Bhendi, Chilly, Capsicum, Tomato, Tobacco
Transmitting agent- white flies
Symptoms - Upward and downward curling of leaf and leaf thickening.\
Management Of Plant Viral Diseases:
- Avoiding exporting or importing of viral disease plant materials to disease free localities through quarantine law certification and inspection.
- Selection of viral disease free seeds from the disease free regions.
- Selection of viral disease free planting materials like Cutting, bull, rhizomes, tubers etc.
- Cultivation of trap crops will avoid disease causing insect vectors Eg: Marigold in bhendi for white fly control.
- Application of Soil Fumigation for Nematodes transmitted viruses to control nematodes.
- Destruction of weeds that serve as host for virus causing viral disease in plants Ex. broad leaf weeds in banana.
- Cultivation of resistant varieties will avoid viral disease in plants
- Application of temperature treatment Ex. Sugarcane mosaic can be destroyed or reduce by hot water treatment 520 C for 30 minutes.
- Application of Insecticides will controls the insect vectors that that serve as host for virus causing viral disease in plants.
Products That Control Plant Viruses
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Aphids- UPL PHOSKILL INSECTICIDE,
JASHN INSECTICIDE, KORANDA 505 INSECTICIDE - Leafhoppers- UPL PHOSKILL INSECTICIDE
- White flies- ANANT INSECTICIDE
- Virus- V-BIND VIRICIDE
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Aphids- UPL PHOSKILL INSECTICIDE,
It was helpful
Namaste, thanks for your contact, you can use vbind viricide for virus control
Or bhi viral diseases and managment ke bare me post hame de
Bahut hi uchit salah hai please gave mordern viricide for virous control
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