Good Agricultural Practices for Chilli Crop to get higher yields
Chilli is one of the most valuable crops of India. It is grown almost throughout the country.
Different varieties are grown for vegetables, spices, condiments, sauces and pickles. Chilli is also known as ‘hot pepper’.
Soil and Climate:
The chilli is a plant of tropical and sub -tropical region, it grows well in warm and humid climate and a temperature of 200C to 250C. As a rain fed crop, it is grown in areas receiving an annual rainfall of 25-30 inches.
Chilli can be grown in all type of soils, but the sandy - loam, clay loam and loamy soils with pH of 5.5 to 7 are best suited for chilli. The soil must be well drained and well aerated. Acidic soils are not suitable for chilli cultivation.
Varieties of Chilli: Several seed producers are supplying many high yielding green and red chilly varieties. There are varieties supplied which yield significantly and varieties resistant to many diseases.
Land Preparation and planting:
Prepare the main field by ploughing and harrowing and 4 to 5 tones /acre of FYM or compost is applied at the time of field preparation. Add 100 - 120 kg of Annapurna, and Navajeevan - G 10 kg/acre.
Sow the seedlings at recommended rate per acre. Root white grubs & termites pests can be controlled by application of 5 kg Caldan (Cartap hydrochloride 4 % Gr). When seedlings attain the age of one month or height of 10 -15 cm, then those seedlings are transplanted.
Sowing Time and Seed Rate:
In case of chilli crop, for kharif it sown in May - June and for summer crop, it is sown in the month of January. 60 to 100 g seed is required for one acre area.
Fertilisers
Recommended dose of Fertilizer Application: NPK – 60:35:50 kg/acre
Major Nutrients
|
Combination 1 |
kg |
Combination 2 |
kg |
Combination 3 |
kg |
|
Urea (46 % N) |
100.7 |
10:26:26' |
134.6 |
20:20:00' |
175.0 |
|
DAP (18 % N; 46 % P2O5) |
76.1 |
Urea (46 % N) |
101.2 |
Urea (46 % N) |
54.3 |
|
MOP (60 % K2O) |
83.3 |
MOP (60 % K2O) |
25.0 |
MOP (60 % K2O) |
83.3 |
Secondary Nutrients - Samruddhi – 50 kg/acre plus and Micronutrients mixture Aries micronutrient fertiliser 10 kg/acre
Irrigation:
Chilli is grown both as rain fed and irrigated crop. The maintenance of uniform soil moisture is essential to prevent blossom and fruit drops.
Flower drop in chillies is a serious problem and it depends on the temperature (high), moisture (low) availability, shading and light intensity.
Pests and diseases on Chilli crop
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers,
leaf eating caterpillars, aphids
white flies, mites.
Diseases: leaf spot, damping off, early blight
powdery mildew, late blight
Crop Protection in Chilli crop
For control damping off disease drenching at 5 days after transplanting OR 15- 20 days after sowing at direct sowing
Drench Ridomet [Metalaxyl] @ 1 g/litre + Plantomycin 0.5 g/litre + Humesol @ 3 ml/litre (100 – 150 ml/plant drenching).
Regular Spray schedules
1st Spray – 10 to 15 days after transplantation
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers; Diseases: leaf spot, damping off
Bengard 2 g/litre + Anant 0.5 g/litre + Kranti 1.5 mL/litre + Spraywell 1 mL/litre.
2nd Spray –30 - 35 days after transplantation
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers, leaf eating caterpillars, aphids, white flies; Diseases: leaf spot, damping off, early blight, powdery mildew
Econeem plus – 1 mL /litre + Jashn 2 mL /litre + Saaf 2 g/litre + Ampoxcilin – 1 g /L + Viral out 2 gm/L
3rd spray - 50 to 55 days after transplantation
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers, leaf eating caterpillars, aphids, fruit Borers, white flies, root knot nematodes; Diseases: leaf spot, damping off, early blight, powdery mildew, black mould, late blight,yellow mosaic, leaf curl, TOSPOW Virus
Gibrax phytozyme 2 mL /litre + M6 [20% Bo] 1 g/litre + Ridomil gold 80 WP 2 g/litre + Phoskill 2 mL /litre + Spraywell 1 mL/litre.
4th Spray – 70 to 75 days after transplantation
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers, leaf eating caterpillars, aphids, fruit Borers, white flies, mites, root knot nematodes; Diseases: leaf spot, early blight, powdery mildew, black mould, late blight*, yellow mosaic, leaf curl, TOSPOW Virus
Multiplex General liquid 3 mL/L + Marshall 2mL/litre + V–Bind 3 mL/L + Avtar 2 g/litre + Spraywell 1 mL/litre.
5th spray – 95 – 100 days after transplantation
Insects: Thrips, plant hoppers, leaf eating caterpillars, aphids, fruit Borers, white flies, mites, root knot nematodes; Diseases: leaf spot, damping off, early blight, powdery mildew, black mold, late blight
Confidor 0.5 mL/L + Silixol 2 mL/L + Kavach 2 gm/L + Spraywell1 mL/litre.
Weed management:
Metribuzin [Tata Metri] 100 gm in 200 Liters of water per acre post emergent weedicide can be used in standing crop but manual weedings will reduce weed growth.
Note:
- To increase fruit set- Spray Gibrax 186 at the rate of 1 gm/L of water before flowering stage.
- Viral infections are spread by sucking pests like Thrips and whiteflies the sucking pests need to be managed.
- Ammoniacal nitrogen has also positive advantage for viral infections so take care of ammoniacal nitrogen application.
K SANJEEVA REDDY,
Senior Agronomist, BigHaat.
Disclaimer: The performance of the product(s) is subject to usage as per manufacturer guidelines. Read enclosed leaflet of the product(s) carefully before use. The use of this product(s)/ information is at the discretion of user.
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