Good agricultural practices for bitter gourd, Crop protection: Diseases & their management
Bitter gourd crop its life cycle is invaded by different diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Starting from bitter gourd seeds put into soil the diseases may invade bitter gourd crop.
1. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides
The symptoms first appear on the foliage as small, yellowish water-soaked areas which later turn dark and dry.
Control Anthracnose
Dithane M -45 [Mancozeb ] 2 gm/ L or Sanipeb [Propineb] 2 gm/L OR Bengard [Carbendazim] 2 gm/ L OR Ridomil gold 80 WP [Metalaxyl + Mancozeb] OR Avtar [Zineb 68% + Hexaconazol 4% WP] 2 g/litre OR Blitox [Copper Oxy Chloride] 2 g/litre or Kocide [Copper hydroxide] – 2 g/litre
2. Damping-off caused by Oomycete (Pythium spp.)
Affected seedlings fail to emerge or collapse shortly after emergence. Water soaked lesions also appear on the seedlings at the soil level.
Drench with Ridomet 0.75 gm/L + Humesol 3 mL/L+ Plantomycin 0.5 gm/L of water and drench about 50 – 150 mL per plant based on size of the plants.
3. Downy mildew Caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis
The underside of leaves develop a downy white to gray mold, which may turn grey to purple during wet weather. Spores develop to mold.
- Kavach 2 gm/L + Ampoxcillin 1 gm/L
and after a week
- Ridomil gold 2 gm/L + Kitoguard 2 mL/L
4. Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii
Powdery mildew is a serious and common fungal disease during warm and humid conditions with overcast days.
For control Powdery mildew
Nativo [Tebuconazole+Trifloxystrobin] 0.5 gm/L OR Vespa [Propiconazole+ Difenoconazole1 mL/L OR Custodia [Azoxystrobin + Tebuconazole] 1 mL/L OR Contaf plus [Hexaconazole] 2 mL/L
5. Angular leaf spot on bitter gourd
Bacteria leaf spot or Angular leaf spot is a bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae.
For control angular leaf spot on bitter gourd
Borogold or Kavach [Chlorothalonil] 2 gm/L OR Kocide [Copper hydroxide] – 2 g/litre + Plantomycin 0.5 gm/L.
Several biological agents can be used to control the fungal and bacterial diseases like
Ecoderma or Nisarga [TRICHODERMA VIRIDE] and Ecomonas PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS 10 to 15 gm/L for spray and 20-25 gm per litres for drenching to control wilts.
Viral Diseases
Viral diseases are among the major limiting production factors for cucumber production in tropical areas. Typical symptoms include green and yellow mottling and wrinkling of the leaves, mottling and wartiness of the fruit, and general dwarfing of the plant.
Bitter gourd Yellow Mosaic Virus (BGYMV) is a Whitefly transmitted gemini virus is common viral nfection.
Symptoms include yellow leaves with mosaic and a distorted appearance. The whole plant is stunted. Affected fruit is also misshapen.
Management of Viral diseases
- Thoroughly screen the nursery bed for the infected seedlings and rogue them carefully and transplant only healthy seedlings and remove the diseased plants in the main field.
- Spray with insecticides to check the sucking pests such as White flies, Aphids and Thrips which are transmitters of the viral disease.
- Weeds should be removed which may act as an additional host.
Spray should be concentrated more on apical parts of the plants since vectors only thrive at apical parts of the plant.
Ammoniacal nitrogen has also positive advantage for viral infections so take care of quantity of ammoniacal nitrogen application.
Following sprays may be done to manage
First spray: Viral out 2 gm/L+ Magnum Mn 0.5 gm/l + Phytozyme 1 mL/L+ Econeem plus 1 %- 1 mL/L
after 10 days: V-Bind 2 mL/L + Multimax 3 gm/L + Econeem plus 1 % - 1 mL/L
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Disclaimer: The performance of the product (s) is subject to usage as per manufacturer guidelines. Read enclosed leaflet of the product(s) carefully before use. The use of this product(s)/ information is at the discretion of user.
Karela ki jankari chahiye
Namaskar sir,
Mera 2 acre ka plot hai. Approximately 30 days ka hai. Lekin pahale growth acchi thi. Lakin ab vo ruk gayi hai. Aur usake patte sikud rahe hai. Please esake liye solution bataye.
Thaks
करेला मे सभी प्रकार की रोग रोकथाम के लिए
Bitter gourd is a good practice disease mangement, it should be known
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